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现场学习语言与实践

© Katja Lentz

自 2023 年初起,国际留学生可以再次大规模前往中国。这也意味着DAAD的语言与实践项目将再次亲临现场。我们采访了Katja Lentz——第28届奖学金获得者——了解她对该项目第一阶段——语言强化课程的看法。

为什么你决定参加“语言与实践”项目?为什么选择中国?

在我来到中国留学之前,我和中国及其周边国家基本没有什么关联。偶然的机会我参加了一个叫做“中国能力”(CHIN-KoBe)的项目。这个项目彻底颠覆了我依赖媒体报告和道听途说构建的中国形象,与此同时还给了我很多新的启发。我发现,关于中国我一无所知。因此,我很想来这里亲自体验。通过“语言与实践”项目我不仅能够获得学习中文和实习的机会,也得以在十六个月的时间里深入了解中国,解决我的疑问,然后把我的经历与他人分享。仅仅几周之后,我就意识到周围有多少人对我的描述感到惊讶,因为——就像我当时一样——他们对中国有着完全不同的看法。

 

奖学金项目从语言强化课程开始:该语言课程是如何实践的? 你觉得什么是特别令人兴奋和充满挑战的?

前十个月我们在北京外国语大学(北外)上课。学期初我们参加中文水平分级测试:第一部分是在电脑上考察汉字的拼音和声调;第二部分老师给我们考口试。依据测试出的中文水平分派班级。北外的中国大学制度十分古板和僵化:我们有固定的课程表和出勤义务。我们都必须学会手写汉字,每周都要进行听写测试。个人学习目标很少受到关注。我所在的班级有写作、口语和拼音课。这样每天大概有四个小时在学习中文,不包括预习和复习。对我来说,这个制度是最大的改变,因为我在德国上大学期间可以非常独立自主地学习。

仅仅几周之后,我就意识到周围有多少人对我的描述感到惊讶,因为——就像我当时一样——他们对中国有着完全不同的看法。

 

Katja Lentz——在中国学习语言与实践的奖学金获得者

针对中文学习你有什么建议?

根据你自己的重点来进行进一步学习。拿我来说,在这一年我想打好说和读的基础。我不太重视手写汉字,因为我现在连德语也很少手写。因此在这方面,大学教学没有我想象得那么有帮助。不过,身处中国给了我很多动力。我一出门就可以直接用中文交谈。对外国人,人们的意愿和好奇心通常是很强的。因此,我建议是,无论是在学校还是别的什么地方,不要有心理负担,走到人群中去大胆地交流。如果实在不行的话,除了边说边比划以外,还有翻译软件呢。

 

对计划参加该项目的学者你有什么建议?

尽可能多地利用好DAAD提供的机会,主动向项目负责人提出自己的建议。可以说,配套项目是奖学金的核心所在。它会支持你们从多方面了解中国,所以你们应该按自己的兴趣安排活动。在团队中,尽管存在许多不同,但我们相处融洽,很快便打成一片,一起着手做了许多事情,这也是我强烈推荐的。再说,中国不仅有北京。因此,在这16个月中,你们将有足够的时间(而且,由于奖学金,你们也有足够的资金)在全国各地旅行,我强烈建议你们这样做,因为它是如此的多样化、多层次和令人兴奋。你们尤其要看看乡野地区,了解城乡差别。

因此,我建议是,无论是在学校还是别的什么地方,不要有心理负担,走到人群中去大胆地交流。如果实在不行的话,除了边说边比划以外,还有翻译软件呢。

奖学金获得者Katja Lentz

你最后还想分享一个特别深刻的经历吗?

具体的经历我现在一下说不出,因为实在有太多了。刚开始我被北京的城市规模和全国辽阔的土地惊呆了。我也没想到这里的纸上官僚主义会比德国还严重。然而,与此同时,许多官方的期限和要求往往也是可以变通的。对我来说,这与我当时理解的 “组织严密的中国 “大相径庭。不过,从长远来看,与中国人的多次接触让我记忆犹新。我尤其惊讶于年轻一代在个人谈话中的开诚布公。

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