国际大学排名：德国高校的背景、排名方式及名次

国际大学排名已成为高校圈中不可或缺的一部分。尽管排名在内容上意义有限，在方法上也有缺陷，但在选择大学时，排名仍是一种流行导向和决策辅助手段。全球最受关注的排名包括“世界大学学术排名”（ARWU），也就是人们所熟知的“上海排名”，泰晤士报高等教育（THE）排名和英国公司Quaquarelli Symonds（QS）的排名。

传统上，英美著名的研究型大学在有影响力的排名上毋庸置疑处于领先地位，如斯坦福大学、哈佛大学、牛津大学等。其他方向和重点的大学–如应用科学大学（Fachhochschulen/HAW）或规模较小的专业大学（如艺术和音乐学院）– 不被考虑或几乎没有机会被列入重要位置。就数量而言，德国高等院校在有影响力的排名中占有相当大的比例，但大多排名在中间部分。只有少量拥有国际知名度的大学的排名相对靠前。

DAAD定期评估三大最具影响力的排名：ARWU，THE和QS，并发布工作文件介绍评估结果。该文件还探讨了为什么这些极具影响力的排名中没有相应地体现出德国高等教育体系的优势。为此，我们更仔细地研究了排名的指标和方法，并对排名进行了评估。

下载链接: Internationale Hochschulrankings – Hintergründe, Methodik und die Platzierungen der deutschen Hochschulen [pdf-Datei]

译/李原、校对/袁航

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